Electrically-operated hammer.



G. M. PAINTER. ELEcmcALLY oPERATED HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED 1ML-2. I9I 7.

Patented Aug. 20, 1918.

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G. M. PAINTER.

ELEcTmcALLY OPER/mn HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1917. 1,276,104.

Patented Aug. 20, 1918.

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G. M. PAINTER. ELEcTmcALLY OPEHATED HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED IAN.VY2. |917.

Patented Aug. 20, 1918.

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GEORGE 1v1. PAINTER, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ELECTRICALLY-OPERATED HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 20, 1918.

Application led January 2, 1917. Serial No. 140,055.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. PAINTER, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of illinois,have invented certain new and useful Improvements inElectrically-Operated Hammers; and l do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of referencemarked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in elect-ric hammers and consistsof the matters hereinafter described and more particularly pointed outin the appended claims.

rhe object of the invention is to provide a hammer, such as and somewhatin the :torni of the well known pneumatic hammer, which may be operatedby an electric current in an eliicient and economical manner. rlheadvantages of my invention will appear as l proceed with myspeciiication.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my improved hammer;

Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal, central section through the hammer.

Figs. 3, 4 and 5 represent transverse sectional views of the hammer. inplanes indicated respectively by the lines 3 3, 4 4 and 5-5 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 6 represents on an enlarged scale a side elevation ot a switchdevice used in the hammer.

Fig. 7 represents on a similar scale a longitudinal section through thereciprocating hammer member.

3 represents a side elevation and part sectional view of one of thecommutator bars used in the hammer.

Fig. 9 represents a side elevation of one of the conductor bars or rodsused in the hammer.

Fig. 10 represents diagrammatioally the electric wiring ot the hammer.

Fig. 11 is a detail perspective view illustrating the relation orn theswitch member conductor bars and commutator bars.

Referring now to that embodiment of my invention illustrated in theaccompanying drawings:

12 indicates the body of the tool or hammer. Said body isin the form ofan elongated tube or barrel 13 provided at one end with a closed head 14and at the other end with a tool-holder retaining cap 15. Both the head14 and the cap 15 are screwed upon the ends of the barrel and the capproi vides bearing and support for a. tool-holder 16 as in the case of apneumatic hammer. liVithin the barrel is ixed an insulating tube 17 offiber or like material which ts snugly against the inner wall of saidbarrel.

The barrel 13 is divided longitudinally into two chambers, substantiallyequal in length,that is to say, a solenoid chamber 18 and a commutatorchamber 19. 20 indicates a rod, which as shown is tubular, and whichextends the length of the barrel and is placed in the longitudinalcentral axis thereof. Said rod provides a bearing for a longitudinallyreciprocating member 21 which is the core of the solenoids presently tobe described and for av longitudinally reciprocating commutator or brushcarrying member 22 associated with said core.

23 indicates a plurality of separate coils or solenoids which arearranged end to end in succession in the solenoid chamber 13 with theircommon axis coincident with the longitudinal central axis of the barrel13, and with the aXis of the core 21 which is slidably mounted on therod 20. The solenoids are formed to provide a plurality of liat rings(see Figs. 2 and 3) and are held in place, as shown by means ofapertured end plates or disks 24, 25 and by three longitudinallyextending rods 26X, which are spaced at equal angles about and inengagement with the peripheries of said solenoid rings and connect saidendplates 24, 25 together. Suitable insulating washers 23a, 23:L areinterposed between the end coils of the solenoid 23 and the said endplates 24. 25. (See Fig. 2). The end plates or disks 24, 25 bear withinthe insulation sleeve 17 and the disk 24 has a tubular flange 24a whichhas thrust bearing against the cap 15.

The core 21 is iiXed on a tube 26 which has longitudinal, slidingbearing upon the rod 20 and which ext-ends into the commutator or switchchamber 19. Said core is placed between a fixed collar or lia-nge 26a onthe tube 26 and a collar 2Gb screwed upon the end of said tube. rfhecore is preferably laminated longitudinally and comprises a plurality ofradial, longitudinally extending rlhe cominut-ator 22 is slidablymounted on the tube 26 between two collars 27, 28 xedV to said tube andspaced apa-rt 'a distance greater than the length ofthe commutator. Saidcommutator has a body made of an 1nprovides Aits bearing upon thetube2G. Associated with the connnutatorare a pair of laterally spaced,longitudinally extending cominutator bars 32, 32 (see Figs. 2 and 4) anda pair of conductor bars 33, 33. 34, 34.

and 35, 35 Vindicate grooved metal conduct-` ing rollers which arearranged in longitudinally Aspaced pairs upon the block and which engagesaid commutatorbars. 36,36a and 437, 372L indicate grooved metal rollerswhich are likewise arranged in longitudinally spaced: pairs upon saidblock 30 and 36b and 37", 37b which are pivoted to the4 sides of theblockV 30. The roller 37a is electrically connected to the rollers 35,in any convenient manner (see Fig. 11) and the roller 36' iselectrically connected to the rollers 34, 34. f

The commutator bars 32, 32 and the conductor bars 33, 33 are supportedby means of apertured plates or disks 38, 39, the one 38 being arrangedAadjacent to the .previously mentioned Vsolenoid retaining plate 25 andthe other 39, being. placed close to the head 14 of the barrel. The twodisks 25 and 38'are provided with inter-V engaging short sleeves 25X,38X, respectively which are insulated from each other by means of acollar 40 made of liber or other suitable insulating material,

The commutator bars 32, 32 each consists of a plurality of insulatedconductor rings retainedin place by means of nuts 43a, 43a. Theconductor rings on the rod are insulated in any convenient manner fromthe rod as by means of a sleeve 44 and from each other by means ofinsulating rings 45. Suitable insulation collars are also provided atthe ends of the rod to insulate them from the plates 38, 39.

. commutator bars constituting a pair.

The conductor bars 33, 33 consist of rods which extend through aperturesin the plates 38, 39 (see Fig. 9), and are suitably insulated from saidplates 'in any familiar manner.` Each rod has a head 33X at one endwhich engages the disk 38 and anut 33y at "the other end. Thus the rodsof the commusulating block 30 fixed on a sleeve 31 that tator bars andthe conductor bars act to retain the plates 38, 39 in proper spacedrelat-ion.v VOne of the rods 33 eXtends through the'head 14 from whichitis insulated in any convenient manner.

A spring controlled pushV button '48 is mounted upon the end of this rodwith its headlocated beyond the head of the barrel in position to beactuated by a spring controlled arm 47 carried bythe usual handle 1421xed to the head 14 of the barrel. A contact 33Z connected to the rod 33is adapted, to be engaged by contact 48a when the push button 48 ispushed home. (See Fig. 9.) y

The other rod 33 is permanently connected to one of the line wiresleading from the source of elect-ric supply, while the other line wireis connected to the push button 48. 47 is operated, the conductor bars33, 33 will bev supplied Vwith current. Y Y

The several solenoid coils are connected in series (see Fig.V 10) bymeans ofbridge pieces 23x and the vbridge-pieces themselves areconnect-ed inV succession by conductor wires to the ringsV of the twocommutator Ibars in pairs, the opposite rings on the (tswo ee Fig. 11.)For convenience in following the circuits, Vthe rings of the commutatorbars, except the end rings 42, 42, have been numbered in pairs insuccession from 1 to 31 and the solenoid coils have been numbered inlike manner. The first solenoid coil is connected to the rear end rings42 of the commutator bars. The bridge piece 23x between the solenoids 1and 2 is connected to the commutator rings 1 on the two commutator bars.VThe bridge piece between the solenoids 2 and-3 is connected to the commutator rings 2 on the commutator bars, and'so on. The forward end ringson the commutator bars are-not inV any circuit and are dead.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that when lthecommutator 22 is in any position in its compartment (as for eX- ample inthe position illustratedY diagrammatically in Fig. 10), the electricalconnection will be as follows: from the conductor rod 33 to the roller37, tothe rollers 35,

thence tojthe commutator rings 41 of theV the solenoids numbered 18 and19 of the rl`hus it is manifest that when the armA solenoid series. Theonly path for the current back to the commutator is through commutatorrings 41 with Which the rollers 34;, 34 are in contact. In the exampleillustrated, these are the rings numbered 26 in the series. As theserings are connected to the bridge piece connecting the solenoidsnumbered 26 and 27 in the series, and as the solenoids between said lastnamed bridge piece and the one rst mentioned, namely that connecting thesolenoids 18 and 19 are all connected in series, it is apparent that allor the solenoids numbered 19 to 26 are included in the circuit. From therollers 3e of the commutator, the current will pass to the roller 36 andthence to the second conductor rod 33.

Manifestly, when the commutator is moved in either direction, it willact to connect in the circuit the solenoids in advance of it, insuccession in the direction in which it is moving, and Will lat the sametime cut out of circuit the solenoids at the rear in succession in thesame direction.

rhe commutator 20, being mounted as heretofore stated on the tube 26, towhich the core 21 is fixed, manifestly moves with said core. As pointedout, however, the comnmtator is -slidably mounted on the bearing tube 26between the shoulders 27 and 28,

and a sliding or shitting movement oi the commutator on said tube,occurs as the commutator approaches the limits ot its endivise travel inits associated chamber 19. rEhe means for imparting such shiftingmovement to the commutator is as follows:` Secured in any suitablemanner to the under side of the block 30 on its longitudinal median lineis a yielding latch bar which extends at both ends beyond the ends otthe commutator block 30. The ends of said latch bar are formed toprovide upright shoulders 51, 51 and downwardly and outwardly inclinedyielding abutments 52, 52, which are arranged in line with and `Whichare adapted to engage lugs or tripping members 53, 53 fixed to the disks38, 39. The shoulders 51, 51 are adapted to engage with either of thecollars 27, 28 in the tube 26, and to lock the commutator as a Whole tothat collar, toward which the said commutator `have a head Within thebore 55 and Which project beyond the ends of the commutator block.Abutm'ent lugs 60 are fixed to the disks 38, 39 in line with theplungers and are adapted to be engaged by said plungers when thecommutator reaches either end of its path of travel. A coiled expansionspring 53 is placed in the bore 55, between the heads of the plungers57.

The commutator is normally locked to its bearing tube 26 at one end orthe other of said tube and particularly at that end of the tube faced inthe direction in which the commutator is traveling, as illustrated in Fig. 2, wherein the commutator is shown as moving toward the disk 38.tator approaches the disk 38, the yielding abutment 52 at theapproaching end of the commutator, will engage the trip member 53 on thedisk 38 and Will be forced doWn- Wardly so K as to release itsassociated shoulder 51 from its engagement with the collar 27 on thebearing sleeve 26. The plungers 57 project somewhat in advance of theyielding abutments 52 and are adapted to engage the lugs 60 before theyielding abutments effectively engage the tripping members Thus, beforethe yielding abutment is actuated as above describe( the associatedplunger 57 Will have engaged its lug 60, and, as the commutatorcontinues to move in the same direction, will be forced by said iixedlug to move in the bore 55 and compress th-e spring 5S. When theshoulder 51 has been released from the collar 27, the spring` 5S willexpand back and as the plunger 57 is still in engagement with the fixedlug 60, this expansion will act against the opposite plunger 27 and actto shift or kick the commutator block 30 to the other end of the tube26, Where the shoulder 5l at that end Will snap into locking engagementWith the collar 28.

As said commu-v The parts are designed, shown in the y drawings, so thatthe kick produced by the spring 5S at the end of the movement ot thecommutator will act to move the commutator block 30 upon its bearingsleeve 26, a distance equal approximately to the space on the commutatorbars occupied by three oi the coimuutator rings, Thus, assuming the core21C and the commutator to be moving toward the rear end ot the barrel,as illustrated in Fig. 2, when the yielding abutment 52 strikes theassociated trip lug 53 on the disk 3S and the plunger rod 57 strikes thefixed lug 60 thereon, as explained, somewhat in advance ot the action ofthe other parts, the 'connnutator block will be iunnediatelv shifted tothe other end of the sleeve 26 and thus bring the contact rollers orbrushes 3ft and 35 respectively into contact With commutator rings,which are three removed in the direction opposite to that in Which thecommutator has been moving from the rings with which they Were incontact at the time the abutment and plunger rod struck their associatedfixed parts. This, as will appear, provides for the reversal of themovement of the core Which constitutes the hammer.

The operation of the improved electric4 hammer will be apparent'from thedescription already given. The commutator 22, as

. magnetism.V This will cause the commutator moving with the core, bybringing in new solenoidsin advance of the movement of the core andvcutting out those in the rear, to advance the center of magnetism,thereby producingY a continuous and rapid advance Vof the movement ofthe core in that direction. As the core or hammer approaches the frontend of the barrel and its striking position against the tool holder. 16,and in fact just as it reaches this point, the commutator will beactuated by means of the yielding abutment 52 and the plunger rod 57 atthe forward end of the commutator to release the commutator from itsrigid connection with the tube 2G to which the core is attached and tokick the commutator over several rings of the commutator bar to itsrearward position. This will immediately remove the center of magnetismfrom that position where it has been drawingthe core or hammerheadtoward the tool holder 16, to a position removed forwardlytherefrom, se as to exert a pulling movement on the core in a directiontoward the rear of the hammer. The core will thereupon immediately movetoward the hammer head, carrying the commutator with it, and reversingthe travel of the field toward the hammer head instead of causing it totravel toward the tool holder, as above described. Y

A arentl when the commutator reaches the handle end of the tool casing,the action with respect to the commutatonJ will be reversed. and thefield will be again shifted toward the tool holder with the resultingmovement of the core toward the same. Thus, ltheV required reciprocationto actuate the core as a hammer in the way of the ordi'- nary pneumatichammer will be produced.

In the lconstruction of the hammer, the tool holder is extended into thebore of the solenoids, such a distance that the core or hammer willstrike the tool holder at substantiallythe same time that the commu`tator has its movement with the core reversed. This resultsin deliveringthe full force of the blow due to the draw of the magnetic field againstthe tool head.

1n order to prevent any pneumatic cushion being formed at the end of thetravel of the hammer, the tool head is provided electrical constructionand arrangement, it isl manifest that my invention is capable of variousmodications in that respect and it is the common longitudinal axis ofsaid sole noids, la commutator bar provided with al plurality ofcommutator rings, each ring being connected to one of said solenoids, acommutator block normally movable with said core, but capable of alimited, independent movement, said commutator block having brushesengaging the commutatorV rings associated with the solenoids, Y andpositive means for shifting said commutator at the ends of the path oftravel of said core, to shift the magnetic eld, of said solenoids to apoint in the reverse direc-y tion from that in which said core has beentraveling.

2. An electro-magnetic motor comprising reciprocable in the commonlongitudinal axis of said solenoids, a commutatorV bar comprising aplurality of commutator members, each of which is connected to one ofVsaid solenoids, a commutator block carried by said core extension, butcapable of a limited, independent movement thereon, said commutatorblock having brushes engaging the commutator members associated with thesolenoids, and positive means for shifting said commutator block on saidcore eXtension at the ends of the path of travel of said core, to shiftthe magnetic field of said solenoids to a point in the reverse directionfrom that in which the core has been traveling.

3. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of annularVsolenoids arranged in longitudinal succession with la commonVlongitudinal axis andl connected together in series, a core having anextension member,

reciprocable inr the common longitudinal aXis of said solenoids, acommutator bar comprising a plurality of commutator members, each ofwhich is connected to one of said solenoids, a commutator block carriedbysaid core extension, but capable of a limited, independent movementthereon, said commutator block having brushes engaging the commutatormembers associated With the solenoids, means locking the said commutatorblock to said core extension at the limit of its movementon saidextension, and means releasing said block from its locked position onsaid extension at the ends of the path of travel of said core, to shiftthe magnetic field of said solenoids to a point in the reverse directionfrom that in Which the core has been traveling.

el. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a plurality of annularsolenoids arranged in longitudinal succession with a common longitudinalaxis and connected together in series, a core having an extensionmember, reciprocable in the common longitudinal axis of said solenoids,a commutator bar comprising a plurality of commutator members, each ofwhich is connected to one 0f said solenoids', a commutator block carriedby said core extension, but capable of a limited, independent movementthereon`,`said commutator block having brushes engaging the commutatormembers associated with the solenoids, means automatically looking thesaid commutator block to said core eX- tension at the limit of itsmovement 0n said extension, means releasing said automatic locking meansof said block on said core extension as the core approaches the ends ofits movement, and means for shifting said block at the ends of the pathof travel of said core, to shift the magnetic field of said solenoids toa point in the reverse direction from that in which the core has beentraveling.

5. An electro-magnetic motorcomprising a plurality of annular ysolenoidsarranged in longitudinal successionV with a common longitudinal aXis andconnected together in series, a core having an extension membe,reciprocable in the coimnon longitudinal axis of said solenoids, a pairof commutator bars, each comprising a plurality of commutator members,the commutator members on one bar being connected to an associatedmember on the other bar to form pairs of commutator members, each pairof said commutator members being connected to-one of said solenoids,current conductor rods spaced from said commutator bars, a commutatorblock carried by said core extension, but capable of a limited,independent movement thereon, said commutator block having rotativebrush members engaging upon said commutator bars and said conductorrods, and yielding means for shifting said commutator block on said coreextension at the ends of the path of travel of said core, to shift themagnetic field of said solenoids to a point in the reverse directionfrom that in which the core has been traveling.

6. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a casing, means dividing saidcasing into a plurality of compartments, a glurality of annularsolenoids arranged in longitudinal succession in one of saidcompartments, said solenoids being connected together in series, asupporting member arranged in said casing in the longitudinal axis ofsaid solenoids, a core having an extension member, slidably arranged onsaid supporting member, spaced commutator bars in the other of saidcompartments, said commutator bars comprising commutator membersarranged in pairs, each pair being connected to one of said solenoids, acommutator block mounted on that end of said core extension normallylocated in said second mentioned compartment, and capable of a limited,independent movement on said core extension, brushes on said commutatorblock connecting the members of each pair of commutator memberstogether, and means for shifting the commutator block on said coreextension at the ends of the path of travel of said core on saidsupporting member, to shift the magnetic field of said solenoids to apoint in the reverse direction from that in which the core has beentraveling. l

7. An electro-magnetic motor comprising casing, means dividing saidcasing into a plurality of compartments, a plurality of annularsolenoids arranged in longitudinal succession in one of saidcompartments, said solenoids being connected together in series, asupporting member arranged in said casing in the longitudinal vaXis ofsaid solenoids, a core having an extension member slidably arranged onsaid supporting member, spaced commutator bars comprising commutatormembers arranged in pairs, each pair being connected to one of saidsolenoids, conductor rods also arranged in said last-mentionedcompartment, a lcommutator block mounted in said core extension butcapable of a limited, independent movement thereon, brushes on saidcommutator block engaging upon said commutator bars and on saidconductor rods, and means for shifting the commutator block on said coreextension at the end of the path of travel of the core on saidsupporting member, to shift the magnetic field of said solenoids to apoint in the reverse direction from that in Which the core has beentraveling.

8. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a casing having front and rearend Walls, and an intermediate Wall dividing said casing into twocompartments, a plurality of annular solenoids arranged in longitudinalsuccession in one of said compartments, said ments, fixed at their endsYin said intermediy ate Wall and said rear end Wall, commutator membersarranged Yin pairs on said spaced bars, each pair being connected to oneof said solenoids, conductor rods in said commuta- Y tor Compartment andiixed at their ends in said intermediate Wall and said rear end Wall ofthe casing, a commutatorblocli mounted on the rear end of said tubebutfcapable of a limited, independent movement thereon, rotativeVbrushes on said commutator block engaging upon said commutator memberson said'bars and upon said conductor rods, and means for shiftingthecommutator block` on said tube at the ends of the'path of travel ofVsaid core on said supporting member to shift the magnetic ield of thesolenoids to a point in the reverse direction from that in which thecore has been traveling.

9V, An electro-magnetic motor comprising a casing having front andrearend Walls, and an intermediate Wall'dividing said casing into tWocompartments, a plurality of annular solenoids arranged in longitudinalsuccession in one of'said compartments, said solenoids beingconnected'together in series, a supporting member extendingVsubstantially the full length oi' the casingv in the longitudinal axisof said solenoids,ra tube slidably mounted on said supporting member, acoreiixed to the front end of lsaid tube and associated With saidsolenoids,

spaced bars in the other of said compart bars, each pair being connectedto one of' said solenoids, conductor rods in said combrushes in propercontact engagement with said Vcommutator members and `With saidconductor rods, and spring pressed plungers acting to shift saidcommutator block on said tube at the ends of the path of travel oi saidcore on said supporting member, tov

shift the magnetic iield of the solenoids to apoint in the reversedirection from that in Which thek core has been traveling.

10. An electro-magnetic motor comprising a casing having front and rearend Walls,

and an intermediate Walldividing said cas-v Ytially the full length ofthe casing in the longitudinal axis of said solenoids, a tube slidablymounted on said supporting member, a core ixed to the front end of saidVtube and associatedV With said solenoids, spaced barsiin the other ofsaid compartu ments, fixed at their ends insaid intermediate Wall andsaid rear end Wall, conimutator members arranged in pairs on said spacedbars, each pair beingV connected to one of said solenoids, conductorrods in said comniutator compartment and fixed at their ends in saidintermediate Wall and said rear end Wall of the casing, a coininutatorblock mountedon the rear end of said tube,rbut capable of a limited,independent movement thereon, rotativebrushes on said commutator'blockengaging upon saidY commutator members on said bars and upon Vsaidconductor rods` means locking` said commutator block on said tube at thelimit of its move ment thereon, means releasing 'said block from itslocked position on said tube at the other end of the path of travel ofsaid core, and means for shifting the commutator block on saidtube afterit has been unlocked, to shift the magnetic field of said solenoids to apoint in the reverse direction from thatl Vin which said core has beenVtraveling.V

In testimonythat I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix mysignature in the presence of tWo witnesses, this 28th day of December A.D. 1916.

f Witnesses :v

T, N. ALiREDs, YKARTLN. Donn.y

Copies of thisrpatent'may be obtained for ve cents each, addressing the;Commissioner ofrPatentrs,

" Y Washington, ID. O. i J

Gnonen M. Panarea.

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